V vsakem jeziku obstajajo besede, ki se podobno napišejo, a imajo povsem drugačen pomen. Za vas smo tokrat izbrali in pojasnili pomen nekaj besed iz angleščine, katerih pomen radi zamenjujemo.
Ljubljana is bigger than Koper.
I like tea more than coffee.
On the first day of our trip to Italy we visited Venice. Then we drove to Tuscany where we stayed for five days.
He usually gets up at 6 a.m. Then he has a shower and makes breakfast.
Than uporabljamo, kadar primerjamo lastnosti, ko izražamo primerjavo in pomeni kot.
Then uporabljamo za izražanje časovnega sosledja in pomeni nato oz. potem.
In recent years Ljubljana has become a true European capital. Its beautiful bridges, cafés and streets are attracting a great number of tourists.
It's four o'clock. We have to go if we want to catch the train.
This dress is just perfect - it's beautiful, of good quality and cheap.
It's been a great year for us. We got a son and moved into a new house.
Its je svojilni zaimek, it's pa je okrajšava za it is ali it has.
We need some advice.
If you’re sick, stay at home. That’s my advice.
If you’re sick, I advise you to stay at home.
If you want to pass this exam, I advise you to study every day.
Advice je samostalnik in pomeni nasvet. Advise pa je glagol in pomeni svetovati.
Za omenjene primere smo pripravili tudi nekaj vaj. Preizkusi svoje znanje tukaj.
Examples:
a) If you stand so close to the water, you will fall into it. b) The girl was crying because she fell off her bycicle. |
Če boš stal tako blizu vode, boš padel vanjo. Deklica je jokala, ker je padla s kolesa. |
a) I always feel great after a good sleep. b) The student felt sad because she failed the exam.
|
Po dobrem spancu se vedno odlično počutim. Študentka je bila žalostna, ker ni naredila izpita. |
a) Please, fill in all the forms. b) Have you filled in all the forms yet?
|
Prosimo, da izpolnite vse obrazce. Ste že izpolnili vse obrazce? |
Infinitive |
Past simple |
Past participle |
FALL FEEL FILL |
FELL FELT FILLED |
FALLEN FELT FILLED |
Now, it's your turn. Write the correct form of the verbs FALL, FEEL, FILL
KEY: 1. fell 2. fell 3. felt 4. fill 5. fallen 6. fell 7. feel 8. do feel 9. fall 10. fell
Razliko med tema pogosto rabljenima predlogoma si najlaže zapomnimo s pomočjo preprostih primerov:
I have lived in Žalec for 14 years. |
V Žalcu živim že 14 let. |
I have lived in Žalec since 1975. |
V Žalcu živim od leta 1975. |
Now, it's your turn:
Write true sentences about you using FOR and SINCE.
I have been married _______________________.
I have been married _______________________.
Sedaj si oglejmo še rabo časa v našem primeru:
I have lived in Žalec for 14 years.
Uporabili smo obliko Present Perfect, ki je sestavljena iz glagola HAVE in preteklega deležnika (npr. lived, written, found, been etc.)
Raba tega časa nam pogosto povzroča težave, saj ga slovenščina ne pozna. K sreči so pravila njegove rabe zelo jasna in jih zopet najlaže razložimo na primerih.
I have lived in Žalec for 14 years. |
V Žalcu živim že 14 let (še vedno živim tam). |
Raba: izražanje stanj, ki so se začela v preteklosti in še vedno trajajo. |
I lived in Žalec for 14 years. |
V Žalcu sem živel 14 let (ne živim več tam). |
Raba: izražanje zaključenega dejanja v preteklosti |
Present Perfect uporabljamo tudi v naslednjih primerih:
Have you ever been to London?
Have you ever eaten a frog? Have you cleaned your room yet? Yes, I have already cleaned it. |
Kadar postavimo takšna vprašanja, nas ne zanima, kdaj se je nekaj zgodilo. Zanima nas izkušnja: Si že bil/-a kdaj v Londonu (do tega trenutka)? Si že kdaj jedla/jedel žabo? Si že pospravil sobo? |
Če pa sprašujemo po zaključenih dejanjih v preteklosti uporabimo obliko Past Simple:
When did you go to London? In 2012. Where did you stay? At the Palace Hotel. Who did you go with? M wife. |
Pri vseh primerih sprašujemo o že zaključenih dejanjih/stanjih v preteklosti. |
Now, it's your turn. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect form.
KEY: 1. Have been 2. have been 3. Have packed 4. has cleaned 5. have lived 6. have worked 7. Have eaten 8. Have gone 9. Haven't made 10. hasn't come
What is the difference between interesting and interested, boring and bored etc.?
Kakšna je razlika med interesting in interested, boring and bored itd.
BORED je pridevnik, ki opiše osebo ali ljudi, ki jim je dolgčas. Opiše torej, kako se oseba počuti.
Primeri:
BORING je pridevnik, ki opiše, kako neka stvar ali oseba deluje na nas. Opiše lastnost predmeta ali osebe.
Primeri
It's your turn. Na vrsti ste vi.
1. We were _____________________ (surprising/surprised) to hear about their wedding.
2. The underground can be very _____________________(confusing/confused) the first time you use it.
3. I think that cold, grey winter days can be _____________________(depressing/depressed).
4. We were very __________________ (annoyed/annoying) because our plane was four hours late.
5. I am so _____________________ (excited/exciting) about my sister's wedding.
6. It was an _____________________(embarassing/embarassed) moment when the actress fell on the red carpet.
7. I have been feeling really __________________(tiring/tired) this morning.
8. The last match was truly _____________________(disappointed/disappointing). We expected our team to win.
9. Don't be so __________________ (frustrated/frustating). There is nothing you can do about this traffic jam.
10. We had a_________________ (relaxing/relaxed) holiday.
KEY - REŠITVE
1. surprised 2. confusing 3. depressing 4. annoyed 5. excited 6. embarrassing 7. tired 8. disappointing 9. frustrated 10. relaxing
Glagola TELL in SAY imata podobne pomene, a ju pogosto različno uporabljamo. V čem se razlikujeta?
You say something. Nekaj poveš.
You tell someone something. Nekaj poveš nekomu.
Mother: ''I told you to tidy your room.'' |
Mama: ''Rekla sem ti, da pospravi svojo sobo.'' |
Son: ''You told me to tidy my room today buttoday isn't over yet.'' |
Sin: ''Rekla si mi, naj pospravim sobo danes, današnji dan pa še traja.'' |
She says she is very happy. |
Pravi, da je zelo srečna. |
They said they were going to London in October. |
Povedali so, da gredo oktobra v London. |
Glagolu tell navadno sledi t.i. personal object (oseba, kateri govorimo). Glagol say pa ponavadi uporabljamo brez njega.
Mother told me to tidy my room. Mama mi je rekla, da pospravi svojo sobo.''
Mother says I need to tidy my room. Mama pravi, da moram pospraviti svojo sobo.
PRACTICE: TELL or SAY
KEY: 1. told 2. told 3. says 4. said 5. told 6. said 7. told 8. said
Pogosti izrazi z ''DO'': do business - delati posel |
Pogosti izrazi z ''MAKE'': make a decision - sprejeti odločitev |
DO OR MAKE?
Key: 1. made 2. did 3. made 4. made 5. doing 6. done 7. made 8. made